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What is Manganese Gluconate?

Manganese Gluconate is a salt of Manganese and Gluconic Acid (Gluconic Acid is the hexonic acid derived from the oxidation of the six-carbon monosaccharide glucose and a carboxyl group, the univalent radical COOH characteristic of all organic acids). Manganese is an essential trace mineral necessary in all life forms. Manganese activates enzyme systems involved in protein and energy metabolism, and is directly involved in connective tissue and bone formation, insulin action, and cholesterol synthesis. Manganese is also vital in the bio-synthesis of collagen as it helps activate key enzymes in the formation of collagen, and is a component of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Antioxidants such as MnSOD can neutralize, reduce or even help prevent some of the damage free radicals may cause. Manganese may be derived from consuming whole grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and tea. Other rich dietary sources of manganese include nuts and seeds, wheat germ and whole grains, legumes, and pineapples.

The primary function of manganese is to work as a coenzyme in a number of metabolic processes, which includes helping the body produce energy from foods, as well as helping in thyroid function and bone development. Additionally, manganese can also help heal muscular strains and sprains as it is directly involved in immune system function. Manganese also helps in facilitating proper mineral transport and absorption, which results to healthy skin, bones and cartilage. For athletes who eat high protein diets, Manganese is a popular supplement because excess protein can deplete the body of certain minerals, including manganese. As such many athletes take mineral supplements that contain manganese. Also, since athletes are at a higher risk of experiencing muscular strains and sprains as well as inflammatory conditions due to rigorous and strenuous training, it is important for them to ensure adequate intake of the mineral.

One critical role of manganese as a coenzyme is to assist the enzyme and powerful antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) in preventing inflammation and other damage from free radicals that result from oxidative stress in the body. Manganese ions are able to neutralize hydroxyl and superoxide radicals because manganese is a crucial component of the metalloenzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the principal antioxidant enzyme of mitochondria and the principal constituent of the mitochondrial oxidant defense system. Manganese is required for SOD to be able to properly function, and can also enhance and improve the antioxidant potency of this important enzyme. Studies aimed at determining other possible uses of manganese supplements have confirmed that the mineral may also be beneficial in improving cognitive symptoms while reducing irritability and nervousness. Manganese may also be helpful to diabetics, and it may reduce fatigue and weakness in some people as well. People who suffer from epilepsy and arthritis may also benefit from taking manganese supplements.

Manganese deficiency had been found to have a role and significant impact to infertility, bone malformation, weakness, seizures, atherosclerosis, confusion, convulsions, eye problems, hearing problems, heart disorders, high cholesterol levels, hypertension, irritability, memory loss, muscle contractions, pancreatic damage, profuse perspiration, rapid pulse, tooth-grinding, tremors, and osteoporosis. Manganese have also been correlated to reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in white blood cells, which makes the body more susceptible to the damaging effects of free-radicals. Good natural sources of manganese include avocados, seaweed, tea, raisins, spinach, broccoli, oranges, beans, blueberries, egg yolks, dried peas, and green leafy vegetables. Many herbs are also rich in manganese, which include alfalfa, burdock root, chamomile, dandelion, fennel seed, fenugreek, ginseng, hops, horsetail, lemongrass, parsley, peppermint, wild yam, and raspberry.

What is Manganese Gluconate used for and who uses it?

Manganese Gluconate is effective for treating or preventing low manganese levels in the body (manganese deficiency), as well as in supporting and strengthening weak bones (osteoporosis) especially when used in conjunction with calcium, zinc, and copper. Taking manganese orally together with other minerals such as calcium, zinc, and copper seems to help reduce spinal bone loss in older women. Manganese is an essential trace mineral that is needed in small amounts to synthesize enzymes required for the metabolism of proteins and fat. It also boosts the immune system, blood sugar balance, and is directly involved in the production of cellular energy, reproduction and bone growth. This mineral triggers one or more enzymes in fatty acid synthesis. Manganese also stimulates and triggers the enzymes responsible for DNA and RNA production. Manganese also participates directly in the photosynthetic creation of oxygen from water, and acts as a catalyst and cofactor in many enzymatic processes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. It aids in the formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors, and sex hormones as well, and plays a role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, and blood sugar regulation.

Low dietary manganese or low levels of manganese in blood or tissue have been linked with numerous chronic diseases. Symptoms of manganese deficiency may include serum cholesterol, depressed growth of hair and nails, scaly dermatitis, weight loss, impaired growth, impaired reproductive function, skeletal abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance, and altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis as well as those with seizure disorders all tend to have low levels of superoxide dismutase. Low levels of manganese have also been linked with muscle disorders. In children, manganese deficiency can result in abnormalities with the normal growth of the skeleton as well as balance and movement problems.

Researchers are still studying this mineral today, although they have already confirmed that it has antioxidant properties and is needed to activate a number of enzymes that allow the body to digest food. Manganese improved the body’s ability to absorb and process vitamin B1 (thiamin) and vitamin E, and works synergistically with all B-complex vitamins to combat depression, anxiety, and other nervous disorders. Manganese has also been reported to reduce heavy menstrual flows and improve thyroid function (thyroid function is dependent on a balance of manganese and iodine, and a shortage of either could cause hypothyroidism). Aside from enhancing and increasing the effectiveness of vitamin E and B vitamins, Manganese supplements have also been shown to improve the effectiveness of glucosamine supplements, which have been helpful to some people suffering from arthritis.

How pure is your Manganese Gluconate?

This pharmaceutical grade amino Manganese Gluconate is assayed by the manufacturer to be 11.42% elemental Manganese. You will receive a sealed and labeled heavy duty 4 mil polyethylene bag containing this light pink powder product. A deficiency in the mineral Manganese leads to abnormal skeletal development, increased serum, raised cholesterol levels, depression, slow hair growth, scaly dermatitis, weight loss, impaired growth, impaired reproductive function, impaired glucose tolerance, altered carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Low levels of manganese also lead to infertility, weakness and seizures. Although there are plenty of natural sources for manganese, excessive iron, calcium and phosphorus inhibit the absorption and may interfere with proper utilization of the mineral. The use of antibiotics, alcohol and intake of too much refined food products also decreases the amount of manganese stores in the body. For this reason, people who use supplements of these minerals may need to take extra manganese as well. The body needs manganese for normal growth and health. For patients who are unable to get enough manganese in their regular diet or who have a need for more manganese, manganese supplements may be necessary.

What are some of the common effects of Manganese Gluconate?

Although manganese is a micronutrient that you don't hear about very often, this mineral has antioxidant or free-radical-fighting properties, and is important for proper food digestion and for normal bone structure. Manganese can help reduce fatigue levels, prevent the incidence and severity of osteoporosis, and even improve memory. Manganese is a trace mineral that helps the body convert protein and fat to energy. It also promotes normal bone growth, helps maintain healthy reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, and is involved in blood sugar regulation. In addition, manganese is involved in blood clotting and the formation of cartilage and lubricating fluid in the joints.

What is the daily suggested dose of Manganese Gluconate?

There is no recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for manganese because deficiency is rare. The typical daily dose is 2-5 mg, although an intake of up to 11 mg per day is safe. The oral Manganese Gluconate supplement is a salt, or a substance formed when an acid reacts with an alkali. Manganese is an alkali mineral (and also a metal) and gluconic acid is the acid. Elemental manganese refers to the amount of Manganese in each compound. The amount of elemental manganese in a compound influence the effectiveness of the manganese supplement.

Since Manganese Gluconate is 11.42% elemental manganese, taking 100 milligrams of manganese gluconate powder in a single dose will yield 11.42 milligrams elemental manganese. You can see the full bulk density/volumetric conversion chart for Manganese Gluconate here. Supplementation of manganese has been seen to relieve osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and in fighting premenstrual syndrome. It has also been seen to alleviate anxiety, irritability, mood swings and depression in women (especially those linked with PMS). Supplementation with manganese also improves the effectiveness of the absorption of vitamins such as vitamin E and B, and minerals such as magnesium.

Manganese Gluconate can potentially be toxic in higher doses, so extreme care should be exercised when dosing this product for individual use and dietary supplementation. We do not recommend measuring your dose using volumetric measuring techniques because apart from the quantitative skills required, even if you are a compounding pharmacist or health professional, measuring spoon methods for determining milligram equivalents can be highly inaccurate. In other words, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DOSE THIS PRODUCT USING MEASURING SPOONS OF ANY KIND!

A single dose for Manganese Gluconate is very small (100mg, or 1/32 teaspoon) and you should make no attempt to dose this product. The only safe way to determine such a small dose of this product for individual use will be using an accurate milligram weight scale. We suggest you measure your dose using an accurate 1/100th gram weight scale such as the model 100AX that we sell on our website: 1/100th gram (milligram) weight Scales. Alternatively, for better accuracy and safety you may consider a milligram weight scale from eBay. As always, if you have concerns or questions, consult a physician or a health care professional before taking any supplements. Before taking any kind of medicine, check with your doctor to ensure that the supplement you want to take is right for you. You may be allergic or you may have a sensitive stomach which may raise the need for special instruction as far as dosage goes.

What kind of results do people anticipate while taking Manganese Gluconate?

Manganese, a powerful antioxidant that helps damage free radicals in the body, is necessary for skeletal development, aids the process of wound healing, and is beneficial for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis as well as those suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It also reduces the symptoms of irritability, depression, anxiety and mood swings, helps prevents heart disease and cancer, helps strengthen the immune system and fight diseases, plays a vital role in the metabolism of proteins and the release of energy, and is used to treat nervous disorders.

It is needed for healthy brain function and is crucial for cerebral function because it is essential for glucose utilization within the brain and neurotransmitter control. It is also used to control the possibilities of major and minor seizures in epilepsy, and to overcome dizziness and memory problems. It helps in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and through its combination with iron and copper, it can be used to treat hypochronic anemia. It works with B complex group of vitamins to fight anxiety depression and other nervous disorders, and is required for the formation of cartilage and lubricating fluid in the joints. It also fights fatigue and reduces heavy menstrual flows, helps increase milk production in nursing mothers, and plays an important role in normal reproductive physiology.

Precautions, Interactions, and Potential side effects of Manganese Gluconate

If taken in excess, just like other minerals manganese can become toxic. It can result in manganism, a form of Parkinson’s Disease-type neurodegeneration. Manganese toxicity is most likely to occur where the environment is contaminated with manganese and not from dietary or supplement intake. Exposure to manganese dusts and fumes should not exceed the ceiling value of 5 mg/m3 for even short periods because of its toxicity level. For example, miners who work in areas where large amounts of manganese dust are present have shown symptoms of brain disease and other nervous system disorders. Manganese supplements are contraindicated in those with liver failure. People with chronic liver disease have trouble getting rid of manganese. Manganese can build up in these people and cause shaking, mental problems such as psychosis, and other side effects. If you have liver disease, be careful not to get too much manganese. People with iron-deficiency anemia seem to absorb more manganese than other people. If you have this condition, be careful not to get too much manganese.

The information at Purebulk.com is NOT a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist. Do not use any dietary supplement as a replacement for conventional care, or as a reason to postpone seeing a doctor about a medical problem. Tell all your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Appearance, solubility, and suggested preparation of Manganese Gluconate

Manganese Gluconate is characterized as a pinkish powder that is water soluble but insoluble in benzene and alcohol. Manganese supplements should be taken on an empty stomach and should not be combined with iron, calcium, copper or zinc. Several minerals, such as calcium iron, and zinc, reduce the absorption of manganese. People who take oral contraceptives or antacids may require higher intake of manganese.

Synonyms and Proprietary Formulas of Manganese Gluconate

Manganese Amino Acid Chelate, Manganese Aminoate, Manganese Ascorbate, Manganese Aspartate Complex, Manganese Chloride, Manganese Chloridetetrahydrate, Manganese Citrate, Manganese Dioxide, Manganese Gluconate, Manganese Glycerophosphate, Manganese Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate, Manganese Sulfate Tetrahydrate, Manganum, Multivitamin Performance from Apex, Opti-Women and Opti-Women from Optimum Nutrition, Proflex Joint Support from Champion (Osteoarthritis), Metabolic Advantage Thyroid Formula from Enzymatic Therapy (Thyroid), Hair Energizer from Herbalized Solutions, LLC (Hair loss)

References & Further Research

Nutrients and Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a major epidemic in the United States, responsible for at least 1–2 million fractures per year. Current management of bone loss consists primarily of estrogen therapy and calcium supplements. This approach is helpful in many cases, but its success is limited. This review presents a new concept: that bone health depends not just on estrogen and calcium, but on a wide range of other nutrients, including vitamins B6, C, D, K, folic acid, magnesium, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, strontium and silicon. The typical Western diet, with its high content of sugar and refined foods, appears to be deficient in many of these vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, the requirement for certain nutrients may be increased by genetic factors or by metabolic changes that occur at the time of menopause. Failure to meet one or more of these nutritional needs could result in accelerated osteoporosis. On the other hand, supplementation with a balanced combination of appropriate micronutrients may prove to be a useful adjunct to calcium and estrogen therapy.

The effects of chronic exposure of manganese on antioxidant enzymes in different regions of rat brain
The present study was designed to investigate if chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) produces an effect on antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in different regions of rat brain. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were dosed with 0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg MnCl2/kg, for 3 months (5 days/week). A significant increase of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity was attained in hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem. The results show that chronic exposure to manganese significantly increased the Mn-superoxide dismutase activity in selected brain regions. Therefore, increased Mn-SOD may enhance the antioxidant ability of the brain to reduce oxidative stress.

Transgenic models for the study of lung antioxidant defense: enhanced manganese-containing superoxide dismutase activity gives partial protection to B6C3 hybrid mice exposed to hyperoxia
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in lung antioxidant defense. Lines of transgenic B6C3 hybrid mice carrying human MnSOD transgenes under the transcriptional control of a human beta-actin promoter were established. Overall data indicate that when the beta-actin promoter is used to increase activity of MnSOD it provides modest protection to B6C3 mice against hyperoxic lung injury.

The influence of manganese supplementation on seizure onset and severity, and brain monoamines in the genetically epilepsy prone rat
Human and experimental animal studies suggest a relationship between low Mn status and seizures. The genetically epilepsy prone rat (GEPR), which has low tissue Mn levels, was studied in the context of Mn supplementation. Manganese was provided at 45 micrograms/g diet (control) or 1000 micrograms/g diet (supplemented) to dams during pregnancy and lactation, then to the offspring after weaning. Overall findings suggest that seizure activity in the GEPR does not stem from an increased nutritional/metabolic need for Mn.

Manganese action in brain function
Manganese, an essential trace metal, is supplied to the brain via both the blood–brain and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. There are some mechanisms in this process and transferrin may be involved in manganese transport into the brain. A large portion of manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, especially glutamine synthetase in astrocytes. A portion of manganese probably exists in the synaptic vesicles in glutamatergic neurons and the manganese is dynamically coupled to the electrophysiological activity of the neurons. Manganese released into the synaptic cleft may influence synaptic neurotransmission. Dietary manganese deficiency, which may enhance susceptibility to epileptic functions, appears to affect manganese homeostasis in the brain, probably followed by alteration of neural activity. On the other hand, manganese also acts as a toxicant to the brain because this metal has prooxidant activity. Abnormal concentrations of manganese in the brain, especially in the basal ganglia, are associated with neurological disorders similar to Parkinson’s disease. Understanding the movement and action of manganese in synapses may be important to clarify the function and toxicity of manganese in the brain.

Manganese Gluconate for International Customers

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