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What is Thiamin Mononitrate (Vitamin B1)?

Thiamin Mononitrate, Vitamin B1, or simply Thiamin (also known as aneurin in Europe and the UK), is one of the substances the body must have in order to convert carbohydrates into energy. Thiamin Mononitrate (Vitamin B1) is a crystalline, yellow-white, water-soluble compound vitamin that is heat and alkali reactive when placed in solution. Since it is readily expelled from the body through the urine, it must be consumed regularly on a daily basis two to three times per day for optimal nutritional benefit. Thiamin is an essential Vitamin and nutrient that promotes normal metabolic function and processes in human physiology. In simple terms, Thiamin helps maintain a normal metabolism and helps burn carbohydrates by participating in many of the chemical reactions in the body. Vitamin B1 also keeps your heart muscles healthy so that the heart beats regularly, and is critical to the maintenance of a well-functioning brain and nervous system. Vitamin B1 otherwise known as thiamine is available from both natural and synthetic sources. Some of these natural sources include baked potatoes, raisins, beef kidneys, flour, whole grain, beans, peanuts, and rice. Wheat germ, sunflower seeds, nuts, oranges, asparagus, cauliflower, milk, whole wheat bread, oatmeal, and brown rice are all good sources of thiamin. It is also found in salmon steak, pork, beef and chicken, and fortified breads and cereals.

Thiamin, in the form of thiamin pyrophosphate, plays an essential role as a cofactor in key reactions in carbohydrate metabolism. Thiamin helps the body make thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), without which the body is unable to convert food into energy. As TPP, Thiamin is essential as a cofactor in key processes and reactions involving the metabolism of carbohydrates and metabolism of many essential amino acids including the branched chain amino acids (essential amino acids L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine). In human physiology Thiamin is synthesized by the large intestine as Thiamin Pyrophosphate, but Thiamin's principle analog is Thiamin Diphosphate (Thiamine Diphosphate, or TDP) found almost exclusively in circulating red blood cells. TDP is a necessary cofactor for many enzymes including Transketolase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, for which the activity of these enzymes are considered an indicator of Thiamin deficiency (Vitamin B1 deficiency).

Thiamine is essential for the body to be able to use carbohydrate as an energy source as well as for metabolizing amino acids. A person's requirements for Thiamine are increased when they are relying heavily on carbohydrates for their main source of energy. Thiamine is needed to process carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Every cell of the body including nerve cells requires Thiamine or vitamin B1 to form ATP, the fuel the body runs on, so they can function normally. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) assists in blood formation, carbohydrate metabolism, and the production of hydrochloric acid, which is important for proper digestion. Thiamine also enhances circulation and optimizes cognitive activity and brain function. Thiamine has a positive effect on energy, growth, normal appetite, and learning capacity, and is needed for muscle tone of the intestines, stomach, and heart. Thiamin is available in nutritional supplements in the form of thiamin hydrochloride and thiamin nitrate. The highest concentrations of vitamin B1 are found in muscle, heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Vitamin B1 is not only the first of the B vitamins discovered but is also one of the first substances to be identified as a vitamin. As with other B vitamins, vitamin B1 should be consumed on a daily basis as it is not stored by the body.

What is Thiamin (Vitamin B1) used for and who uses it?

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is necessary for the body to properly metabolize and process carbohydrates, fat, and protein, and is critical for the healthy metabolic function of mitochondrial ATP syntheses, the most basic unit of energy that fuels every cell in the human body. Without enough vitamin B1, the body can not transform this sugar into usable energy. Vitamin B1 is necessary for proper blood formation, the production of hydrochloric acid, and proper digestive function. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) supplementation can also benefit energy, growth, normalized appetite, learning, cognitive function, smooth and skeletal muscle tone of and including the intestines, stomach and heart. Vitamin B1 can also act as an antioxidant thereby giving protective benefit, maintaining and promoting health and countering the damaging effects of aging, alcohol consumption, smoking and pollution, and may also improve glucose tolerance and inhibit arterial blockages especially for diabetics.

The benefits of vitamin B1 include keeping the bodies mucous membranes healthy, and maintaining normal function of the nervous system, heart, and muscles. When taken as an oral nutritional supplement, Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1) is sometimes taken or prescribed for a variety of thiamine deficiency syndromes including beriberi, peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra, and neuritis during pregnancy. Thiamine Mononitrate is also sometimes taken and recommended for poor appetite, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, various gastrointestinal disorders, cerebellar syndrome, diabetic neuropathy, AIDS, maintaining a positive mental attitude, enhancing learning abilities, heart disease, alcoholism, stress, improving athletic performance, various age related maladies, and as an insect repellent. Thiamine is also used orally for canker sores, immunodepression, memory loss associated with age related dementia, and including Alzheimer's disease, vision problems such as cataracts and glaucoma, motion sickness, and as an energy increasing supplement. With injection by a qualified health professional, Thiamine Mononitrate is sometimes prescribed for the treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy syndrome, various thiamine deficiency syndromes, for critically ill people, acute alcohol withdrawal, and for treating coma or hypothermia of unknown origins.

Vitamin B1 is called a "morale vitamin" due to its positive effect on nervous system and a healthy mental attitude. In general, B vitamins are necessary for proper brain function, and thiamin is not an exception. Vitamin B1 also acts as a neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine. This is a chemical messenger used in memory and learning, although its levels are found to be lower in those suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Thiamin also helps to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which is essential for proper digestion of food.

How pure is your Thiamin (Vitamin B1)?

This Thiamin Mononitrate Powder is also commonly referred to as Thiamine Mononitrate, or Thiamine, or Vitamin B1, and is assayed by the manufacturer to be 98.9% product. You will receive a sealed and labeled heavy duty 4 mil polyethylene bag containing this off-white powder. Vitamin B1 is a water soluble vitamin that readily enters and exits the body daily so it must be taken internally on a daily basis. In order to maximize the benefits of vitamin B1 it is advisable to incorporate this vitamin into your everyday diet and to take it with other B vitamins such as vitamin B2 and B6 (riboflavin and pyridoxine respectively, which we both carry in our inventory as well) as part of a complete formula. Vitamin B1 and B6 become more effective when they are given the chance to work synergistically together. Furthermore, absorption of thiamin is entirely dependent upon getting enough vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid. For this reason, taking a well-balanced Vitamin B complex supplement makes perfect sense.

Since thiamine is lost in cooking and is depleted by use of sugar, coffee, tannin from black teas, nicotine, and alcohol, it is necessary to insure that intake of thiamine is optimal. There are a number of food sources for thiamine; however, they may not be the everyday fare for many people. The richest food sources of vitamin B1 are brewer’s or nutritional yeast, brown rice, egg yolks, fish, legumes, liver, nuts, peas, poultry, rice bran, dulse, kelp, spirulina, wheat germ and whole grains. Because of this, if you are relying on convenience foods or trips to the salad bar to supply you with the RDA of thiamin, you should think of taking a Vitamin B1 supplement. Also, if you drink a lot of coffee or tea, you will benefit from supplementation, as caffeine drinks act as a diuretic; these beverages cause both water and water-soluble vitamins (such as thiamin) to be eliminated from the body more quickly. Due to the fact that our product is pharmaceutical grade, these are best utilized by the body, since they do not require digestion and are easily absorbed. Our product does not contain any fillers, additives or anti-caking agents. If all you want are the health benefits made possible with Thiamin, buying this product in bulk is the best way to get there. Buying in bulk is also your best bet for saving money because for sure you’ll pay more at a local nutrition store. Bulk costs are cheaper in the long run and you will receive a great deal at or below wholesale prices for a high purity bulk quantity of this product.

What are some of the common effects of Thiamin (Vitamin B1)?

Thiamine helps a great many bodily functions, acting as the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). It has a key metabolic role in the cellular production of energy, mainly in glucose metabolism. Thiamine is also needed to metabolize ethanol, converting it to carbon dioxide and water. B1 helps in the initial steps of fatty acid and sterol production. In this way, thiamine also helps convert carbohydrate to fat for storage of potential energy.

Thiamine is important to the health of the nerves and nervous system, possibly because of its role in the synthesis of acetylcholine (via the production of acetyl CoA), an important neurotransmitter. With a lack of vitamin B1, the nerves are more sensitive to inflammation. Thiamine is linked to individual learning capacity and to growth in children. It is also important to the muscle tone of the stomach, intestines, and heart because of the function of acetylcholine at nerve synaptic junction. It is conceivable that adequate thiamine levels may help prevent the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries and thereby reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.

What is the daily suggested dose of Thiamin (Vitamin B1)?

The common daily recommended dose for Thiamine Mononitrate usually range between less than 1 milligram to as much as 3 grams or more per day, although as an essential vitamin the RDA are:

Vitamin B1 Recommended Daily Allowance:
Children 1-3 years: 0.04mg/day minimum
Adolescents 9-13 years: 0.04mg/day minimum
Adolescents 14-18 years: 0.07mg/day minimum
Adults > 18 years: 0.07mg/day minimum.

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin that is quickly eliminated from the body after ingestion. Because Thiamin cannot appreciably accumulate and is not stored in significant amounts in the body there is very little danger of thiamin toxicity even when taken in very large oral doses. One level 1/2 teaspoon of this pure bulk Thiamin Mononitrate Powder (Molecular Weight: 327.357) will weigh approximately 783 milligrams, and after subtracting the weight of the attached Mononitrate group (Molecular Weight: 62.001) the net yield free Thiamin (Molecular Weight: 265.356) is approximately 635 milligrams (635mg), or about 81.1% of the total weight of the bulk powder. Take one level 1/2 teaspoon between meals 2 or 3 times per day for best results. You can see the full bulk density/volumetric conversion chart for Thiamin here.

Safety, Deficiency, and Potential side effects of Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

Thiamin (vitamin B1) is a water-soluble vitamin and as such, it is least likely to reach toxic levels. There is little danger of thiamin toxicity when it is taken orally. Like most of the B vitamins, deficiency is a much greater concern. Thiamin deficiency occurs as a result of many factors, including crash dieting, alcohol abuse, liver dysfunction, kidney dialysis, and sustained periods of IV nutrients. Also at risk are those who consume a lot of sweets, soft drinks, and highly processed foods. A lack of sufficient thiamine in the diet can cause loss of appetite, poor digestion, chronic constipation, loss of weight, mental depression, nervous exhaustion, and insomnia. It can lead to muscular weakness, leg cramps, slow heartbeat, irritability, defective hydrochloric acid production in the stomach and consequent digestive disorders. In case of insufficient supply of thiamine in the body, the heart muscles become lazy and fatigued, and the auricles or the upper chambers of the heart lose their strength and gradually enlarge. Vitamin B1 deficiency is common among alcoholics, as chronic alcohol consumption decreases the amount of Vitamin B1 absorbed by the body. Alcohol not only blocks thiamin assimilation but injures the small intestine, making nutrient absorption in general very difficult. There are two major manifestations of thiamine deficiency: cardiovascular disease (wet beriberi) and nervous system disease ("dry beriberi" and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). Both types are most often caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Taste, solubility, and suggested preparation of Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

Thiamine Mononitrate powder has a somewhat characteristic taste and dissolves quickly in warm or hot water, but rather slowly in cold water. Just measure and stir your usual dose into water or juice and drink.

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) is used in the following Proprietary Formulas

Thiamin is most commonly found in multivitamin and vitamin B-complex preparations such as Universal Animal Pak, Controlled Labs Purple Wraath, NOW ADAM, BrainQuicken BodyQuick, I Force Hemavol, Felovite II Vitamin Supplement, Schiff Products Vitamin B Complex, Ortho Vitamin B Complex, Avian Plus Vitamin & Mineral Supplement, Vega Vitamin B1, Lifeplan Thiamin, Nature Made Super B-Complex Supplement Tablets, Nature Made Stress B-Complex Supplement.

References & Further Research

Effects of Thiamin Deficiency on Acetylcholine Levels and Utilization in vivo in Rat Brain
Cerebral regional acetylcholine (ACh) levels and utilization were studied in vivo in thiamin deficient (TD), pair-fed asymptomatic (PFC) and ad libitum fed control (ALC) rats. ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups. However, ACh utilization was slightly to moderately (10–41%) decreased in cortex, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem. The decrease was significantly different in the midbrain of TD rats as compared to PFC and ALC rats.

Possible involvement of thiamine in acetylcholine release
Although it has long been thought that thiamine (vitamin B1) and its phosphoric acid esters might be linked directly to excitation and propagation of nerve action potentials1,2, the relationship has not been established firmly3,4. We wish to report results which suggest that involvement with synaptic transmission rather than axonal conduction might explain why vitamin B1 is required for nervous system activity. Experiments were performed on the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata, a richly innervated cholinergic tissue5. The results indicated that thiamine and its phosphoric esters are involved, either directly or indirectly, in the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).

Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: A pilot study
The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that long-term furosemide therapy in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with clinically significant thiamine deficiency via urinary loss. Overall data and preliminary findings suggest that long-term furosemide therapy may be associated with clinically significant thiamine deficiency due to urinary loss and contribute to impaired cardiac performance in patients with CHF. This deficit may be prevented or corrected by appropriate thiamine supplements. Studies have shown that the benefits of vitamin B1 can also be used to treat congestive heart failure. This is where the heart fails to pump the enough blood. A high dosage thiamin supplement (80- 240 mg) showed a 22% increase in blood flow and a better survival rate among patients.

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) for International Customers

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