| Amount Per Serving | % Daily Value* |
|---|---|
| Citicoline 400 mg (cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine sodium salt) |
† |
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
† Daily Value Not Established
‡
These supplement facts may vary from the product you receive. Please call for exact numbers.
Other Ingredients: None
Free of: Added Sugar, Soy, Dairy, Yeast, Gluten, Corn & Additives.
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 400 mg (1/8 tsp) daily or as directed by a physician.
Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition consult your physician before use. Keep out of reach of children.
Cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), also known as citicoline, is a nootropic compound that enhances cognitive function, focus, and motivation. It also reduces mental fatigue. As the scientific name implies, it converts into choline and cytidine once ingested. These components cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reform into citicoline. CDP choline is one of the most effective forms of choline supplements.
Choline is an essential nutrient for preserving the structural integrity of cells, producing acetylcholine neurotransmitters, modulating gene expression, metabolizing lipids, and more. Humans can synthesize small amounts of choline in the liver, but they must obtain the bulk of their dietary choline needs from foods and supplements. Choline shares many properties with several B vitamins. Choline and Folate (vitamin B9) interact with vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) to act as methyl donors. They donate methyl groups to homocysteine and methionine, which are necessary to form s-adenosyl methionine (SAMe).
Cytidine is a nucleoside and component of RNA. It becomes uridine once ingested, which is necessary for converting galactose sugars into energy via glycolysis. Uridine also enhances cognition by supporting the proliferation of synapses and synaptic connections, which are essential for learning and memory. Uridine synergizes with choline and fish oil for better synaptic function and formation.
CDP choline is an intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids called phosphatidylcholine (PC). PC is also a member of the lecithin group of fatty substances that are rich in choline. PC is a significant structural element of cell membranes and a precursor to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that interacts with both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It supports cognitive function in several areas of the CNS, including the basal forebrain, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus.
Within the PNS, acetylcholine neurotransmitters activate and control muscle contractions. They also play an essential role in the autonomic nervous system as the primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system. In addition to memory formation, acetylcholine is also critical for attention, motivation, mood, and arousal.
CDP choline exerts neuroprotective effects as well. It has shown significant promise in improving learning capabilities and memory formation in the aging brain. It restores ATPase activity in the mitochondria, which is essential for normal mitochondrial function. Sustaining this functionality also supports cognitive function with age. It also increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the brain. ATP is the body’s primary source of energy necessary for optimal cognitive function.
Studies show that citicoline has exceptionally low toxicity. Side effects are rare and mild, such as a stomachache or diarrhea. However, excessive choline intake can lead to the formation of trimethylamine (TMA). TMA oxidizes to TMAO and can cause serious health risks. However, the choline in CDP choline is not prone to converting into TMA like some other choline supplements. Even so, individuals should not exceed the recommended dosage, as it does not convey additional benefits and can cause unwanted side effects. Signs of overconsumption include sweating, nausea, vomiting, a fishy body odor, and a decrease in blood pressure.
This PureBulk product is manufactured in a cGMP registered facility. PureBulk's supplements are tested by accredited third party labs in the USA to ensure their identity, purity and potency. To receive a copy of these test results or any other PureBulk supplement please fill out the COA request form found here.
*NOTE: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.