Magnesium Gluconate (USA)

Product Details

What is Magnesium Gluconate?

Magnesium gluconate is a chelated magnesium salt bonded to gluconic acid. Combining magnesium salts with amino acids stabilizes the mineral and improves its ability to cross the intestinal barrier. According to one study, magnesium gluconate has the highest bioavailability of magnesium salts. The study compared magnesium oxide, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, acetate, pidolate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, and aspartate. The study did not include magnesium glycinate, which also has high bioavailability.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that every cell in the body needs to function. The body uses magnesium to facilitate DNA and protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. Gluconic acid salts, also known as gluconates, are the product of oxidized and fermented glucose. Gluconic acid has chelating and antiseptic properties. It occurs naturally in honey, fruit, and wine. The food and beverage industry uses it as an additive to regulate acidity and provide a mild and refreshing sour flavor.

What Does Magnesium Do?

The body’s needs for magnesium are ubiquitous, as the mineral plays a role in more than 600 enzymatic reactions. It catalyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by stimulating adenyl cyclase. Scientists often refer to ATP as the energy currency of the cells because it can store, transport, and exchange energy between cells. Magnesium also plays a role in converting creatine into phosphocreatine by activating creatine kinase. Phosphocreatine is an energy reserve that helps restore ATP. Magnesium facilitates numerous biosynthetic and biochemical processes, including the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, glycolysis, metabolizing carbohydrates, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation.

Potential Magnesium Benefits

Magnesium deficiencies are common, affecting up to 20% of developed populations and up to 30% of all populations. Modern diets are often in short supply of magnesium-rich foods, resulting in frequent insufficiency. Given magnesium’s numerous roles in the body, a deficiency can wreak havoc on several aspects of health. In addition to correcting magnesium deficits, individuals may benefit from magnesium supplements in other ways.

Magnesium and Exercise Performance

Exercise increases the body’s demand for magnesium. It serves as a transport for sugar into muscles while also removing lactic acid from muscles. The body needs oxygen to utilize glucose as an energy source. However, if there isn’t enough oxygen available, it can synthesize lactate for energy. The body can only use lactate for so long and hits its threshold once lactic acid builds up faster than the body can clear it. Individuals can exercise briefly beyond this threshold but eventually begin to feel nauseous and fatigued. Magnesium can delay this by removing lactic acid, which may allow individuals to exercise for longer.

Studies show magnesium may benefit athletic performance in other ways, too. Research shows that athletes’ physical performance improved after taking magnesium supplements. A study also found that magnesium protected against muscle damage in cyclists and increased muscle mass and power output in women. Individuals with insufficient magnesium levels experience even more pronounced improvements in exercise performance after taking magnesium supplements.

Magnesium and Sleep

Studies show that magnesium may improve sleep in several ways. The body needs magnesium for quality sleep, and insufficient levels can result in sleep problems. Magnesium also stimulates the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity (NAT), which is a precursor to synthesizing melatonin sleep hormones. Magnesium may further improve sleep by promoting relaxation. It binds to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which help dampen and calm neuronal excitability. Research also shows that magnesium enhances sleep quality, reduces the amount of time it takes to fall asleep, and increases sleep duration.

Magnesium and Mood

Research examining magnesium’s role in mood dates back as far as 1921. Magnesium converts into neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation, such as serotonin and tryptophan. Without sufficient magnesium, serotonin levels also suffer and can worsen mood disorders. Magnesium may further benefit mood by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ion channels. Much like insufficient serotonin, activated NMDA receptors can worsen mood conditions. Insufficient magnesium can also make individuals more susceptible to the physical effects of stress, resulting in irritability and mood swings.

Magnesium for Constipation

Magnesium supplements are a common remedy for occasional constipation. Magnesium helps stimulate bowel movements by drawing water into the intestines to soften stools. Chelated forms of the mineral, like magnesium gluconate, are typically gentler on the GI tract, making them less likely to cause diarrhea.

Potential Magnesium Side Effects

As an essential mineral for life, most individuals tolerate magnesium supplements well. Some individuals may experience nausea, stomach upset, or diarrhea. However, magnesium gluconate is less likely to cause diarrhea than other forms of magnesium. Magnesium may interact with some medications, including certain antibiotics, heart medications, and diuretics. Taking magnesium supplements with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) may increase blood levels of magnesium. These effects are more pronounced in individuals with reduced renal function. Individuals with renal dysfunction should consult a physician before taking magnesium supplements, as the kidneys process and remove magnesium.

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