| Amount Per Serving | % Daily Value* |
|---|---|
| Vitamin B2 (from Riboflavin 5 Phosphate) 80 mg | 4706% |
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
† Daily Value Not Established
‡
These supplement facts may vary from the product you receive. Please call for exact numbers.
Other Ingredients: None
Free of: Added Sugar, Soy, Dairy, Yeast, Gluten & Additives.
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 100 mg up to twice daily or as directed by a physician. An accurate gram weight scale is recommended.
Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition consult your physician before use. Keep out of reach of children.
Riboflavin 5’-Phosphate, also known as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is the natural form of vitamin B2 found in cells throughout the body. Riboflavin 5’-phosphate requires more energy to produce, but it has much greater solubility. FMN enzymes are essential for normal growth, development, and bodily function. FMN enzymes work with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) enzymes—also derived from riboflavin—to facilitate nutrient metabolism, energy metabolism, and cell respiration.
FMN and FAD also play a role in 80 flavoenzyme functions. One of the more notable is their role in redox reactions. Antioxidants depend on redox reactions to maintain their levels, particularly the glutathione redox cycle. Redox reactions also help produce cellular energy by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism require redox reactions, too.
FAD is essential for converting oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione.
Individuals must obtain vitamin b2 through dietary sources, such as supplements or food. The following are several vitamin b2 food sources:
Foods with higher vitamin B2 content are often animal-based. While vegetarians and vegans have several options for obtaining vitamin b2 from food, plant-based vitamin b2 foods don’t contain as much B2 as animal food sources. Riboflavin 5’-phosphate supplements can help meet individuals’ daily dietary needs for vitamin B2.
Riboflavin supports the function of numerous types of white blood cells. Riboflavin activates the immune system’s neutrophils and macrophages to defend against invasive pathogens. Riboflavin stimulates the production of phagocytes, including neutrophils and monocytes. These phagocytes protect the body by containing and then consuming pathogens.
Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS), also known as free radicals, outnumber antioxidants. Riboflavin reduces the likelihood of oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and boosting the levels of glutathione antioxidants. Vitamin B2 also contributes to redox reactions, which are essential to convert oxidized antioxidants into their reduced form. Antioxidants like glutathione sacrifice themselves to prevent the formation of free radicals by donating electrons. However, they remain relatively stable, unlike other oxidized compounds. Even so, they rely on redox reactions to regain their lost electrons to continue exerting antioxidant effects.
The cause of migraine remains a mystery, but research has identified some commonalities amongst individuals who suffer from this kind of headache. Mitochondrial function is often suboptimal in these individuals, and their mitochondria struggle to metabolize and produce energy. Researchers hypothesize that vitamin B2 may reduce migraine frequency, as the body relies on riboflavin to produce mitochondrial energy. Several studies support this theory, and one clinical trial found that riboflavin supplements reduce migraine frequency by more than 50%.
Vitamin B2 deficiencies aren’t common. However, research shows that even healthy individuals often have less vitamin B2 than they need. Some individuals have an increased risk of developing a vitamin B2 deficiency. Individuals eating a vegan diet may need to take vitamin B2 supplements to meet their nutritional needs. Individuals with lactose intolerance, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, or alcohol dependency may also have deficient vitamin B2 levels. Individuals with physically taxing jobs typically have an increased demand for riboflavin, such as laborers and professional athletes.
Riboflavin supplements do not typically cause side effects, as riboflavin is an essential vitamin for life. B vitamins are also water-soluble, so individuals usually excrete any excess through the urine. Consuming large vitamin B2 doses may cause bright yellow urine or diarrhea.
PureBulk's supplements are tested by accredited third party labs in the USA to ensure their identity, purity and potency. To receive a copy of these test results or any other PureBulk supplement please fill out the COA request form found here.
*NOTE: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.